土壤的英语是soil。来源是古英语sáwol，意思是“地面”或“土地”。例句：
The soil in my garden is very rich and fertile.（我花园里的土壤很丰富，很肥沃。）
The soil in this region is mostly sandy.（这个地区的土壤大多是沙土。）
岩石的英语是rock。来源是古英语roc，意思是“岩石”或“石头”。例句：
There are many different types of rock, such as granite, pmestone, and sandstone.（有很多种不同类型的岩石，比如花岗岩，石灰岩，砂岩。）
The rock formation in this region is very interesting to geologists.（这个地区的岩石构造对地质学家非常有趣。）