表扬用英语可以翻译成 "praise"，惩罚用英语可以翻译成 "punishment"。
"Praise" 源自拉丁语 "praedicare"，意思是 "声明，宣告"。"Punishment" 源自拉丁语 "poena"，意思是 "惩罚"。
下面是一些例句：
表扬：
I want to praise you for your hard work. (我想给你表扬，因为你工作很努力。)
His parents always praise him for his good grades. (他的父母总是因为他的好成绩而表扬他。)
She received praise for her performance in the play. (她因在戏剧中的表演而受到表扬。)
惩罚：
He was punished for steapng. (他因偷窃而受到惩罚。)
The teacher gave her detention as punishment for not completing her homework. (老师给了她拘留作为因未完成作业而受到的惩罚。)
The company implemented stricter rules as punishment for repeated violations. (公司实施了更严格的规定作为对重复违规的惩罚。)